Commentary by Alan I. Abramowitz

Keeping It Classy: A Revised Model for Forecasting Seat Swing in Midterm Senate Elections By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— The growing connection between presidential and Senate results has given Republicans a structural advantage in Senate elections.

— That advantage is particularly pronounced in Senate Class 2, the group of Senate seats being contested this year.

— Despite the collective Republican lean of the Senate seats being contested this year, the current average Democratic lead in generic ballot polling along with the large number of Republican seats up for election suggests that Democrats have a realistic chance of gaining at least four seats to take control of the upper chamber.

It Don’t Mean a Thing if it Ain’t Got That Swing: The Outlook for Electoral Accountability in 2026 By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— Midterm elections often act as a brake on presidential power, but extreme partisan polarization calls into question whether the 2026 midterm will serve its usual role.

— However, despite growing partisan polarization, large partisan swings in the House and Senate still appear to be possible.

— This is truer of the House than the Senate, though, as nationalization has helped Republicans realize an advantage on the overall Senate map.

— States with Senate seats up for election in 2026, in aggregate, vote several points to the right of the nation, so even a substantial Democratic lead in generic ballot polling would not necessarily translate to a Democratic Senate majority, even though it very likely would in the House.

Generic Ballot Model Gives Democrats Strong Chance to Take Back House in 2026 By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— Just a couple of basic factors—House generic ballot polling and the number of seats the presidential party is defending—do a decent job of predicting midterm congressional election results.

— This model suggests Democrats would be favored to win the House majority even without a substantial lead in House generic ballot polling.

— The model also is bullish on Democrats in the Senate, but we urge caution on the findings, as the Senate model is historically less predictive than the House model and does not take into account this cycle’s specific Senate map.

Time for Change Model Predicts Close Election with Slight Edge for Kamala Harris By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

—The Time for Change model suggests that presidential elections are largely determined by three factors: the popularity of the incumbent president, the state of the economy, and the number of terms that the president’s party has controlled the White House.

—Specifically, the “Time for Change” factor of this analysis is based on the post-World War II reality that a party often can win the White House two straight times, but has a harder time holding it for longer than that.

—This year’s version of the model shows Kamala Harris as a narrow favorite in both the popular vote and Electoral College, but her predicted margins are so small that the safest prediction we can make about the 2024 presidential election is that it is likely to be very close.

Not Biden vs. Trump Again! The Disgruntled Voters Who Could Decide the 2024 Election By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— Joe Biden’s approval numbers are weak and are reminiscent of the numbers from some recent presidents who lost reelection.

— However, Biden is still very competitive in polling with the current leader for the Republican presidential nomination, Donald Trump, in part because voters still have less negative attitudes toward him than they do toward Trump, according to the 2022 American National Elections Studies Pilot Study.

— A key bloc of voters who would prefer someone other than Biden or Trump skew conservative, but are also alienated by Trump’s actions around the events of Jan. 6, 2021.

The Transformation of the American Electorate By Alan I. Abramowitz

Race, education, and partisanship from Reagan to Biden.

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— The American electorate has changed dramatically over the past 40 years, and a pair of factors — race and education — have driven the changes.

— The electorate has become more diverse and more highly educated. Democrats rely heavily on nonwhite voters and have improved with white college-educated voters, while Republicans have cut deeply into Democratic support with non-college whites.

— Racial and cultural issues, rather than economic ones, have fueled Republican gains with the non-college white electorate.

Both White and Nonwhite Democrats are Moving Left By Alan I. Abramowitz

Race, party, and ideological congruence in the American electorate.

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— One of the big stories of American politics over the past half-century has been a growing ideological divide between Democrats and Republicans.

— This has also led to more ideological cohesion within parties, including a dramatic increase among Democrats between 2012 and 2020. Democrats are now as ideologically cohesive as Republicans, which is a big change from a decade ago, when Republicans were significantly more cohesive than Democrats.

— While white Democrats have moved more to the left than nonwhite Democrats have on some issues, both groups have become more liberal since 2012.

The Outlook for the 2022 Senate Elections: A State-by-State Analysis By Alan I. Abramowitz

What a predictive model tells us about the last decade of results, as well as 2022

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— Senate elections have become firmly yoked to their state’s presidential leanings.

— Democrats now hold a tiny Senate majority in large part because of their superior performance in otherwise Republican-leaning states, a performance they may find difficult to sustain because of deepening partisan polarization.

— Based on the fundamentals of state partisanship, incumbency, and the national political environment, Republicans have a good chance to pick up at least a seat and take back control of the upper chamber. But poor candidates could hurt their chances, as they have in some other recent Senate races.

Are Latinos Deserting the Democratic Party? Evidence from the Exit Polls By Alan I. Abramowitz

Democratic share of the Latino vote has been highly variable from election to election.

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— One key question in American politics is the trajectory of Latino voters. Donald Trump performed better in 2020 with Latino voters than he did in 2016, particularly in places like South Texas and South Florida.

— However, an analysis of the longer-term trend in Latino presidential voting shows that this growing voting bloc is not necessarily trending one way or the other.

— Presidential incumbency appears to have a stronger influence on Latino voters than on other demographic groups.

Redistricting and Competition in Congressional Elections Forces beyond gerrymandering explain rising number of districts that strongly favor one party by Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

-- Based on presidential voting patterns, a much larger proportion of U.S. House districts strongly favor one party and a much smaller proportion are closely divided than 50 years ago.

-- However, gerrymandering is not the major reason for this trend. Partisan polarization has increased dramatically in U.S. states and counties, whose boundaries have not changed.

-- Moreover, despite the growing partisan divide evident in presidential voting, the competitiveness of House elections has changed very little over the past 5 decades because the personal advantage of incumbency has declined sharply during this period.

Why Voter Suppression Probably Won’t Work By Alan I. Abramowitz

Voting procedures, turnout, and vote margins in the 2020 election.

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— In the aftermath of the high-turnout 2020 election, many Republican-controlled state governments have passed legislation that Democrats believe will harm their party’s voter turnout.

— However, voting rules did not appear to have much impact on turnout and had no measurable impact on vote margins at the state level in the 2020 presidential election.

— Both voter turnout and voting decisions in 2020 were driven by the strong preferences held by the large majority of voters between the major party candidates.

Can Democrats Win Back the White Working Class? By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— One of the defining features of American politics is the realignment of white, college-educated voters toward Democrats and that of white voters without a degree toward Republicans.

— There are competing views on how or whether Democrats can perform better among white non-college voters.

— Appealing to the economic interests of white non-college voters may not be enough for Democrats to win back their support.

Forecasting the 2022 Midterm Election with the Generic Ballot By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— National House generic ballot polling can be a useful tool in projecting the overall results of House and Senate elections.

— The president’s party often loses ground in midterms, but the magnitude of those losses varies greatly depending on the national political environment and the seats held by each party prior to the election.

— A model using the generic ballot and seat exposure shows that a single digit lead on the generic ballot would give Democrats a good chance to keep control of the Senate. Given the expected impact of redistricting, however, Democrats probably need a larger lead to keep control of the House.

Assessing the Impact of Absentee Voting on Turnout and Democratic Vote Margin in 2020 By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— While the 2020 presidential election saw a record volume of absentee votes cast, not all states made it equally accessible.

— Eased absentee voting rules contributed to higher voter participation rates.

— With higher turnout, President Joe Biden’s performance still tracked closely with Hillary Clinton’s state-by-state results in 2016 — he just performed slightly better across the board.

— All told, the sharp increase in absentee voting in 2020 wasn’t disproportionately beneficial to either presidential candidate.

State Polls Give Biden Strong Lead in Electoral College as First Debate Looms By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— There is a strong relationship between the 2020 presidential polls in the states and the 2016 results.

— This relationship makes sense given that there is an incumbent on the ballot. In these kinds of elections, we see a very high degree of consistency in the results at the state level.

— There are enough competitive states for Donald Trump to come back and win, but Joe Biden is considerably closer to the magic number of 270 than Trump, based on the polls.

Comparing National Polls in 2016 and 2020 By Alan I. Abramowitz

Biden’s lead has been similar to Clinton’s, but it has been more stable.

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— In aggregate, Joe Biden’s national lead over Donald Trump so far this year is very similar to the lead Hillary Clinton held over Trump in the first half of 2016.

— However, Biden’s lead has been more stable.

A Coronavirus Recession Could Doom Trump’s Reelection Chances By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— The coronavirus public health crisis likely will lead to an economic downturn of unknown length and severity.

— Historically, second-quarter GDP growth in the election year is an important variable in predicting how an incumbent president will perform in the fall.

— A recession could seriously damage President Donald Trump’s reelection chances.

— However, we are in truly uncharted territory, and it’s unclear how the public will respond electorally to an economic downturn forced by a pandemic.

Medicare for All a Vote Loser in 2018 U.S. House Elections By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— “Medicare for All” has been a major issue in the Democratic primary race. But it also came up a lot in the 2018 cycle.

— A regression analysis comparing the performance of 2018 Democratic House candidates shows that those who supported Medicare for All performed worse than those who did not, even when controlling for other factors.

— Democratic presidential candidates would do well to take heed of these results, particularly as the eventual nominee determines what he or she wishes to emphasize in the general election.

Which Party’s Voters are More Divided? By Alan I. Abramowitz

Hint: It’s Not the One You Think.

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— More Republicans identify as conservative than Democrats identify as liberal.

— This has led to questions about whether ideological fissures in the Democratic Party could make it harder for the party to rally around its eventual nominee.

— However, Democrats actually are more united on individual issue positions than Republicans, which may mean the Democrats are less divided than ideological self-placement suggests.

Did Russian Interference Affect the 2016 Election Results? By Alan I. Abramowitz

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE

— Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s recent testimony was a reminder that Russia attempted to influence the outcome of the 2016 election and very well may try to do so again in 2020.

— This begs the question: Is there any evidence that Russian interference may have impacted the results, particularly in key states?

— The following analysis suggests that the 2016 results can be explained almost entirely based on the political and demographic characteristics of those states. So from that standpoint, the answer seems to be no.